Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS[2] (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic.[3] At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal, a socialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had never been any of these in any profound sense.[4] He was born in Monmouthshire, into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in Britain.[5]